If the angle of incidence is greater compared to the critical angle, Total Internal Reflection occurs, and the rainbow can be seen. When light hits water-to-air interface at the rear of the raindrop, it forms an angle. Lights Get Reflected Behind the Rain Drop This is why the rainbow has got different colors. Different wavelengths travel at different speeds while they encounter a change in the medium that is denser or less dense the speeds are affected by the difference in amounts. White light is made up of a spectrum of colors, each having its own wavelength. This is the reason why the rainbow is always curved or bent towards the normal line. The reduction of speed makes the path of the light to bend, which is called refraction. The light that is not refracted crosses the boundary layer of air and water and slows down since water is denser than air. This is because the window both transmits and reflects light. It can be better understood when we see through a glass window, but, at the same time, our own reflection can be seen. In the process, the light obeys the law of reflection. When the rays from the sun strike or come into contact with droplets of water, the light from the sun is reflected. READ: What are 6 Major Types of Islands and Brief Description About Each One of Them 2. This happens when the rays from the sun come into contact with the raindrop at a certain angle. When light exits the droplet, it creates a rainbow. The light reflects off inside the droplet separating into its component wavelengths or colors. Light enters a water droplet, slows down and bends as it goes from air to water, which is denser. The formation of a rainbow involves physical phenomenon, which includes dispersion, refraction, reflection and total internal reflection.Ī Rainbow is formed due to sunlight and atmospheric conditions. Neither it is a “thing,” nor does it exist in a particular “place.” A rainbow is rather an optical illusion or phenomenon that is not controlled by human beings and appears when sunlight and atmospheric conditions are just right and also the viewer’s position to see it.Ī rainbow occurs as a result of the interaction between sunlight, water and air, and this is the reason why it is mostly visible when there is a sunny, rainy day. Remarkably, the latter proposal is compatible with the recent experiment in graphene, which achieves a direct measurement of the angle-resolved scattering probability.Rainbows are among the most beautiful nature’s displays. Thus, these two proposals both can be used to identify the hexagonal warping strength of the TI surface state and especially, are robust against the influence of lateral surfaces, as they depend on the relative variation of transport. The oscillation period in the TI junction is closely related to the warping strength. In addition, for a junction with potential barrier, the reflection probability should oscillate as the potential energy varies due to the tunneling resonance. Associated with the change, the corresponding reflection probability shows a significant jump in its derivative. Due to the hexagonal warping effect, the number of reflected propagating states for an incident electron beam can change from one to two, corresponding to a change from normal reflection to double reflection, by controlling the Fermi energy. We study the transport properties at the surface state of a topological insulator (TI) with a potential barrier.
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